英文閱讀測驗技巧

不論在學測還是指考英文，閱讀測驗可以說是選擇題中最重要的一個部分。相較於其他題型，閱讀測驗一題的分數是兩分，配分足足是其他選擇題型的兩倍。另外，閱測的篇幅又特別長，一個題組弄下來好幾分鐘就過去了。也因為這樣，所以有不少的朋友對於英文閱測總是特別的頭疼。今天，就來分享一下一些我個人的英文閱讀測驗技巧，有需要的可以參考一下。

前言
閱測解題技巧
學測例題

前言

在開始之前，先說明一件事情。在待會的內容中，並不是要讓你用最短的時間看完一篇文章。真正的目的是

讓你用最短的時間寫對閱測的答案。

會這樣強調的原因在於

寫對閱測，未必需要看完整篇文章。

接下來，馬上進入英文閱讀測驗技巧的部分。

閱測解題技巧

我自己在做閱測時，順序上可以拆解成以下的幾個步驟：

先看題目跟選項。
提取關鍵字。
回去文章找答案。
如遇特殊題型，優先閱讀第一段跟末段。

看到這裡，你可能不太懂每個步驟的涵義，接下來，讓我逐一解釋。

先看題目跟選項。

先看題目跟選項的目的在於

因為閱測篇幅有點大，當你看完第一遍時，未必能記住所有細節。等到看完文章讀題目時，可能又要重頭再看一次文章。

因此，如果在看文章前，你先看題目跟選項。在待會閱讀文章時，就可以知道哪一些是你要特別留意的內容，找起答案來會比較有效率。

提取關鍵字。

在看題目的同時，會建議把一些特定的資訊做上標記。

好比說，題目出現when，你就把文章中的時間全部用鉛筆圈起來。
好比說，題目出現who，你就文章中的姓名全部用藍筆圈起來。
好比說，題目出現where，你就把文章中的地點全部用紅筆圈起來。

這樣的好處在於

你已經先把題目要的線索進行標記，所以題目背後的答案，肯定會出現在你標記前後不遠處。

另外，當你要尋找某一類資訊時，也會比較好找。

回去文章找答案。

如果說，題目要的內容很明確，比方時間、地點、人……你就直接從剛剛標記的句子附近找，不必把文章從頭看到尾。但假使，題目問的問題是偏『文意』型的，必須要看完文章才懂，此時你也只好乖乖的看文章，不過，因為你已經事先看過題目了，所以在找答案的過程會比較輕鬆。

特殊題型

在學測跟指考，有三種非常容易看到的考題:

問你文章的主旨。
問你文章適合的標題。
問你作者的態度如何。好比說，正面、負面、客觀、主觀。

只要看到以上這三種考題，建議文章不用急著從頭看到尾。

請先看第一段跟最後一段

原因很簡單，這就跟我們平常寫國文議論文的道理是一樣的。

文章主旨要馬在文章一開始破題，不然就是在文章的最後做總結。

所以，在看完文章第一段跟最後一段後，其實你就滿容易判斷文章的主旨跟作者的立場。

假如說，你覺得這樣還不夠快、你想更快一點，那你可以先看該段的倒數一、兩個句子。

因為，每段的最後幾句通常都是段落的精華。

如果看完首段跟末段，你還無法很確定答案的話，你可以再看一段內文做搭配。

以上這四個步驟，就是我個人的解題流程。

學測例題

看到這裡，可能你還不是很清楚。沒關係，以下我們就用107學測的41-43題做說明(註:中文翻譯部分參考龍騰文化)。

文章本文

For more than two hundred years, the White House has stood as a symbol of the United States Presidency, the U.S. government, and the American people. In 1790, President George Washington declared that the federal government would reside in a district “not exceeding ten miles square … on the river Potomac.” As preparations began, a competition was held to find a builder of the “President’s House.” Nine proposals were submitted, and the Irish-born architect James Hoban won the gold medal for his practical and handsome design. Construction began when the first cornerstone was laid in October of 1792. Although President Washington oversaw the construction of the house, he never lived in it. It was not until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first residents, President John Adams and his wife Abigail, moved in.

American presidents can express their individual style in how they decorate the house and in how they receive the public. Thomas Jefferson held the first inaugural open house in 1805; many of those who attended the swearing-in ceremony at the U.S. Capitol simply followed him home. President Jefferson also opened the house for public tours, and it has remained open, except during wartime, ever since. In addition, Jefferson welcomed visitors to annual receptions on New Year’s Day and on the Fourth of July. Abraham Lincoln did the same, but then the inaugural crowds became far too large for the White House to accommodate comfortably, and this also created a security issue. It was not until Grover Cleveland’s first presidency that some effective crowd control measures were implemented to address the problem caused by this practice.

At various times in history, the White House has been known as the “President’s Palace,” the “President’s House,” and the “Executive Mansion.” President Theodore Roosevelt officially gave the White House its current name in 1901.

題目

41.What is this passage mainly about?

(A) The design of the White House.
(B) The location of the White House.
(C) The importance of the White House.
(D) The history of the White House.

42.What does “this practice” refer to in the second paragraph?

(A) Holding an inaugural open house.
(B) Accommodating the crowds comfortably.
(C) Decorating the White House.
(D) Joining in the swearing-in ceremony.

43.Who initiated the construction of the White House?

(A) John Adams.
(B) James Hoban.
(C) George Washington.
(D) Thomas Jefferson.

第41題

What is this passage mainly about?

題目問文章的主旨，按照我們前面的觀念，主旨通常出現在首段或末段。因此先看首段

For more than two hundred years, the White House has stood as a symbol of the United States Presidency, the U.S. government, and the American people. In 1790, President George Washington declared that the federal government would reside in a district “not exceeding ten miles square … on the river Potomac.” As preparations began, a competition was held to find a builder of the “President’s House.” Nine proposals were submitted, and the Irish-born architect James Hoban won the gold medal for his practical and handsome design. Construction began when the first cornerstone was laid in October of 1792. Although President Washington oversaw the construction of the house, he never lived in it. It was not until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first residents, President John Adams and his wife Abigail, moved in.

兩百多年以來，白宮一直是美國總統、政府以及人民的象徵。1790年時，喬治•華盛頓總統宣佈美國聯邦政府將設在一個位於「波托馬克河旁……不超出十平方英哩」的區域。隨著準備工作開始，政府舉辦了一個比賽來選出負責建造「總統官邸」的建築師。總共有九個提案送審，而出生於愛爾蘭的建築師詹姆斯•霍班最後以實用又美觀的設計贏得了金牌。建造工程於1792年十月第一顆基石被砌下後開始。雖然華盛頓總統監督了這棟房子的建設工程，但他從未在裡面住過。直到1800年，白宮幾近完工時，它的第一批居民，也就是約翰•亞當斯總統與他的妻子艾比蓋兒，才入住。

基本上，是在描述1790-1800的白宮狀況，再看一下末段

At various times in history, the White House has been known as the “President’s Palace,” the “President’s House,” and the “Executive Mansion.” President Theodore Roosevelt officially gave the White House its current name in 1901.
在歷史上的不同時期，白宮曾被稱為「總統的宮殿」、「總統府」以及「行政官邸」。在1901年時西奧多•羅斯福總統正式訂定現在通用的名稱白宮為其名。

在末段，還是再講歷史，主旨就是歷史，所以答案選D(The history of the White House，白宮的歷史)。

第42題

What does “this practice” refer to in the second paragraph?

題目關鍵字很明確，所以只要看那附近的句子即可，先看該句

It was not until Grover Cleveland’s first presidency that some effective crowd control measures were implemented to address the problem caused by this practice.
一直到格羅弗•克里夫蘭第一任期內才開始針對這項傳統活動執行一些有效的群體管控措施。

你可能不是很懂題目的傳統活動(the practice)是什麼，所以往前看上個句子。

Abraham Lincoln did the same, but then the inaugural crowds became far too large for the White House to accommodate comfortably, and this also created a security issue.
亞伯拉罕•林肯也學他這麼做，但屆時參加就職典禮的人數已經大增到白宮無法充裕容納的程度，而且這也製造了維安上的問題。

這一句都沒有詳細提及活動的內容，所以再往前看一句。

President Jefferson also opened the house for public tours, and it has remained open, except during wartime, ever since. In addition, Jefferson welcomed visitors to annual receptions on New Year’s Day and on the Fourth of July.
傑佛遜總統也是第一位開放白宮給大眾參觀的人。直至今日，白宮除了戰爭時期外仍是對外開放的。除此之外，傑佛遜還會在每年新年與獨立紀念日時舉辦招待會宴請賓客。

到這裡，答案呼之欲出，答案就是A(Holding an inaugural open house.舉辦就職公開遊覽白宮)。

第43題

Who initiated the construction of the White House?

關鍵字是『人』和『開始建造白宮』，所以先把文章中所有人名標記(藍色)如下，同時留意句子中有無『開始建造』相關單字(紅色)。

For more than two hundred years, the White House has stood as a symbol of the United States Presidency, the U.S. government, and the American people. In 1790, President George Washington declared that the federal government would reside in a district “not exceeding ten miles square … on the river Potomac.” As preparations began, a competition was held to find a builder of the “President’s House.” Nine proposals were submitted, and the Irish-born architect James Hoban won the gold medal for his practical and handsome design. Construction began when the first cornerstone was laid in October of 1792. Although President Washington oversaw the construction of the house, he never lived in it. It was not until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first residents, President John Adams and his wife Abigail, moved in.

American presidents can express their individual style in how they decorate the house and in how they receive the public. Thomas Jefferson held the first inaugural open house in 1805; many of those who attended the swearing-in ceremony at the U.S. Capitol simply followed him home. President Jefferson also opened the house for public tours, and it has remained open, except during wartime, ever since. In addition, Jefferson welcomed visitors to annual receptions on New Year’s Day and on the Fourth of July. Abraham Lincoln did the same, but then the inaugural crowds became far too large for the White House to accommodate comfortably, and this also created a security issue. It was not until Grover Cleveland’s first presidency that some effective crowd control measures were implemented to address the problem caused by this practice.

很快的，你在第一段倒數第二、三句，就可以知道答案是C(華盛頓)

Construction began when the first cornerstone was laid in October of 1792. Although President Washington oversaw the constructionof the house, he never lived in it.
建造工程於1792年十月第一顆基石被砌下後開始。雖然華盛頓總統監督了這棟房子的建設工程，但他從未在裡面住過。

以上，就是我的一些英文閱讀測驗技巧，希望能給你幫助。

當然在最後，我必須得說，這樣的方式只適合用於解題，能夠加快你尋找、提取資訊的速度。